LPIC 1011 | Karteikarten online lernen

LPIC 101.1 (75 Karten)

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What is the ATA standard, what does it stand for, and what are its variations? What are the three most popular storage mediums?

ATA stands for Advanced Technology Attachment
PATA is Parallel ATA - the ATA standard
SATA is Serial ATA -

SCSI, Small Computer Systems Interface is another common standard, with its own variations.

Tags: 101.1, ata, hard drives, pata, sata, scsi
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Kartenlink

What is the ATA standard, what does it stand for, and what are its variations? What are the three most popular storage mediums?

ATA stands for Advanced Technology Attachment
PATA is Parallel ATA - the ATA standard
SATA is Serial ATA -

SCSI, Small Computer Systems Interface is another common standard, with its own variations.

Tags: 101.1, ata, hard drives, pata, sata, scsi
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25
Kartenlink

How do PATA drives function? What variations are there? Are they still in use today?

PATA disks use a parallel interface, meaning several bits are passed through the cable at once.

PATA cables are wide as a result, supporting either 40 or 80 lines, depending on the variety.

They are a bit outdated, but still in use today, particularly in CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drives.

Tags: cables, fs, hard drives, PATA
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Kartenlink

How many devices can you connect to each PATA connector on a motherboard or plug-in connector? As a result, how many connectors do PATA drives generally have?

You can connect two devices to each PATA connector. This means that the PATA drive generally has three connectors, as one has to attach to the motherboard.

Tags: hard drives, PATA
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27
Kartenlink

Which is the optimal drive setup and why:

Two drives attached to one controller; one set to master, one set to slave.
Each drive attached to a separate controller.

Each drive should ideally be attached to a separate controller because each controller has a limited throughput. One drive per controller allows for maximum throughput.

Tags: 101.1, hard drives, master, PATA, slave
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Kartenlink

Traditionally, how are PATA drives identified in the Linux environment?

They are shown in the file structure as /dev/hda, /dev/hdb, and so on. /dev/hda would be the master on one controller, and /dev/hdb would be the slave on another controller.

For example, if you were to have two master drives, attached to two separate controllers, the numbering scheme would have a gap ending in /dev/hda and /dev/hdc.

Tags: controller, dev, hard drives, PATA
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29
Kartenlink

How are partitions identified in the Linux file system?

With a number after the device name. For exampe, /dev/hda1, /dev/hda2, etc.

Tags: 101.1, fs, hard drives, linux, partitions
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30
Kartenlink

What bus type does SATA technology use?

Serial

Tags: 101.1, bus types, hard drives, SATA
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31
Kartenlink

Is SATA faster than PATA? What are their data rates in comparison?

Yes, ideally. SATA is capable of 187-375 MB/s, whereas PATA runs at 16-133 MB/s.

Tags: 101.1, data rates, hard drives, PATA, SATA
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32
Kartenlink

What do most Linux SATA drivers treat SATA disks like?

SCSI drives.

Tags: 101.1, hard drives, linux, sata, scsi
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36
Kartenlink

Is SCSI device identification different than other hard drives? Explain.

Yes. SCSI IDs aren’t used to identify the corresponding device file on a Linux system. Hard drives follow the naming system /dev/sdx (where x is a letter from a up), SCSI tapes are named /dev/stx and /dev/nstx (where x is a number from 0 up), and SCSI CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs are named /dev/scdx (where x is a number from 0 up).

Tags: 101.1, devices, fs, hard drives, linux, scsi
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37
Kartenlink

What problems can arise involving SCSI device numbering, and what are the best practices when adding new SCSI drives?

SCSI device numbering (or lettering) is usually assigned in increasing order based on the SCSI ID. If you have one hard disk with a SCSI ID of 2 and another hard disk with a SCSI ID of 4, they will be assigned to /dev/sda and /dev/sdb, respectively. The real danger is if you add a third SCSI drive and give it an ID of 0, 1, or 3.

This new disk will become /dev/sda (for an ID of 0 or 1) or /dev/sdb (for ID 3), bumping up one or both of the existing disks’ Linux device identifiers. For this reason, it’s usually best to give hard disks the lowest possible SCSI IDs so that you can add future disks using higher IDs.

Tags: 101.1, devices, fs, hard drives, linux, scsi
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38
Kartenlink

Can non-SCSI devices be assigned SCSI identifications in the file structure?

Yes. Non-SCSI devices such as USB drives or SATA drives can be mapped to the SCSI sub-system, and interfere with the SCSI device numbering if you are not careful.

Tags: 101.1, devices, fs, hard drives, linux, scsi
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39
Kartenlink

Logically, how is a SCSI bus mapped? Explain.

One-dimensionally. Basically, every device in the bus falls upon a straight line.

Each end of the SCSI bus must be terminated - and the bus must not fork or branch in any way. The word terminated refers to a special resistor pack that prevents signals from bouncing back and forth along the SCSI chain. The manual should contain information on how to terminate such a fork or branch.

Tags: branch, bus types, fork, hard drives, resistor, SCSI, termination
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40
Kartenlink

When terminating, what parts of the chain must be terminated? What parts should not?

Devices mid-chain must not be terminated. Both ends of the SCSI chain must be terminated however. A SCSI host adapter qualifies as a device, so if it is at the end of the chain, it can be terminated.

Modern SCSI devices usually include a jumper or other setting to enable or disable termination.

Tags: 101.1, bus types, hard drives, host adapter, linux, SCSI, SCSI chain, termination
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41
Kartenlink

What are some of the common varieties that external devices come in?

USB
IEEE-1394
SCSI

You configure external SCSI disks just like internal disks, although the physical details of setting the SCSI ID number and termination may differ. This would be described in the manual.

Tags: 101.1, bus types, device types, hard drives, IEEE, linux, SCSI, USB
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43
Kartenlink

What are some of the key advantages of partitioning?

Multi-OS Support - Boot two operating systems requiring two different file systems
File-system Choice - Some file systems may be more suited to certain applications than others
Disk Space Management
Disk Error Management - Allows isolation of a problem, should a partition or file system become corrupt. Titanic style.
Security - Ability to set read-only file systems can add security, or be used for redundancy in the event that data is lost on a duplicate partition
Backups - They work better on entire partitions at a time, so segmenting your space into small, intelligently spaced surface areas allows for more effective backups and management.

Tags: 101.1, fs, hard drives, linux, partitions
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